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In vitro fertilization is the union of egg and sperm in the -in vitro-laboratory in order to obtain fertilized embryos to transfer them to the uterus of the mother.

The oocites fertilization can be done through convencional IVF or through intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Indications

Unknown infertility cause or sterility. Fails in cycles prior to insemination.

Female factor

    • Absence or injury of the fallopian tubes.
    • Endometriosis.
    • Ovulation disorders
    • Immune disorders.

Male factor

    • Mild or moderate alterations in mobility, concentration or morphology of the semen.
    • Inability of sperm to penetrate the cervical mucus.
    • Retrograde ejaculation.
    • Sperm spine damage.

Development of treatment

The IVF treatment consists of 4 phases:

1

Stimulation Phase

It is generally performed after having pharmacologically “blocked” the natural cycle. Once achieved, stimulation of the ovary is started with daily injections of hormones called gonadotropins, which are self-administered subcutaneously by the patient herself.
The objective is to achieve multiple follicular development, which allows us to obtain a reasonable number of oocytes that can be fertilized.

2

Follicule Puncture

The oocytes are retrieve from the ovaries of women through the puncture of the follicles. This procedure is controlled by ultrasound and is usually done under analgesia so that it does not become painful. Usually is done 11 days after the cycle start. The procedure does not require hospitalization and the patient leaves the clinic in 30-60 minutes knowing the number of oocytes that was obtained, and with an approximation of the quality of these. After are prepared and classified in the laboratory.

3

Fertilization Phase in the laboratory

The sperm and oocytes are put in contact, remaining in incubation in special media and conditions for hours.

The semen must be obtained almost at the same time as the extraction of the oocytes, after a period of sexual abstinence. Semen is prepared in the laboratory in order to remove certain components and select the most suitable sperm to fertilize.

4

Embryo Transfer

Consists of transferring the embryos (three maximum) in the interior of the uterus. It is usually done between 2 and 3 days after the oocyte retrieval. The procedure is completely painless and is usually done under ultrasound control. The woman stays at rest during 45- 60 minutes and bed rest is recommended at home for 24-48 hours. Women will continue with progesterone vaginal suppositories a hormonal treatment to promote embryo implantation.

Success Rates

IVF (percentages)

Total patients 52%
Under 36 years 62%
Between 36 and 40 years 47%
Older than 40 years 31%

Thawed transfer

Total patients 39%
Under 36 years 47%
Between 36 and 40 years 40%
Older than 40 years 26%

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